张薇 等：A changing environment of urban education: historical and spatial analysis of private supplementary tutoring in China
Recent decades have brought dramatic urbanization to China. Between 1978 and 2018, the urban population rose from 17.9 per cent to 59.6 percent of the total. Urbanization has many implications, including for education. China’s government has long been concerned about imbalances in access to and quality of schooling, and new imbalances have been introduced through market forces in the so-called shadow education sector of private supplementary tutoring, arising from both demand and supply. Urban families in particular seek private supplementary tutoring, and tutorial companies favour densely populated areas for higher enrolments. China has the world’s largest school system and most extensive shadow provision. This paper conceptualizes the space of shadow provision in educational, social and geographical terms. It highlights the changing scale and nature of private tutoring, observes the roles of new technologies and government regulations, notes the impact of COVID-19, and argues that shadow education both shapes and is shaped by urbanization.
杜明峰：转型期我国社会组织参与教育治理：逻辑、实践与优化策略
社会组织作为一种特殊的社会力量,是理解当代中国教育治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要切入点。本文主要就社会组织参与教育治理的逻辑前提、行动路径、内容与机制等一些基本问题进行阐释和分析。我们认为,在改革开放土壤中生长和发展壮大的社会组织,凭借自身独特的性质和功能,从一开始就深刻嵌入到教育改革开放的实践中,并在”国家主导”的框架下,循着”补充式参与”的路径,在参与国家宏观教育决策、地方教育创新和学校治理改革等方面发挥了积极作用。在治理的语境中,社会组织这种自下而上的参与本身就构成对教育治理的回应,其本质意义在于建构教育治理话语、型构教育治理格局和增益教育治理效能。从更深层次角度看,这种”回应”也拓展了教育治理的公民视角。为进一步优化社会组织实践,需要重塑对社会组织参与教育治理的认知,推进社会组织内涵建设,创新现代社会组织体制,依法推进社会组织发展。
阎光才：城市、科学与大学之间关系及其历史演变
在近代欧洲史上,无论科学还是大学,更多得益于城邦经济繁荣与城市文化开明。在很大程度上,中心城市或较大城市以其富有的有闲阶层赞助科学,整个欧洲城市之间的交流网络推动了科学文化的散播;大学因得益于宗教与王室等的扶持以及城市所具备的食宿资源条件而得以存续,科学与大学因都寄生于城市而相互之间虽有互动,但无依赖关系。19世纪尤其20世纪之后,科学进驻大学并因其巨大的功用价值而为城市所青睐,形成大学与城市之间越来越明显的共生共荣关系。即使如此,大学发展及其内部科学技术的创新活力依旧取决于城市经济繁荣、社会文明的开放和包容,这种历史逻辑并没有走出历史。
